In the area of Mecsek Mountain the presence of hard coal is known since the middle of 16th century (approx. 1769). The exploitation of coal began in the 18th century and continued with larger intensity.

The First Danube Steamship Navigation Company (FDSNC) exploited, traded and used the coal of Mecsek, which is good for coking for 100 years since 1850. The FDSNC preserved the characteristic devices and documents of mine-digging since the last quarter of 19th century. Using its repository was a regular exhibitor of the local (1888), millenary (1896) and Parisian (1900) exhibitions. After 1945 companies (Coal Mines of Mecsek, Mecsek Ore-mining Company, Shaft-sinker Company) working in the mine industry in Mecsek took care of the conservation of the remembrances of the past.

From 1950s mined for uranium also in Mecsek. The Companies founded, and in 1977 opened the Mine Repository of Pécs at the former headquarters of FDSNC (Pécs, Mária Street), and since 1982 operated it under the name of Mecsek Mine Museum. Liquidation of the founder mine-digging companies, and selling the headquarters of FDSNC in 1993 resulted in the abolishment of the continuous exhibition.

The tasks and repositories of Mecsek Mine Museum were taken over by the Central Museum of Mining and are operated with the same name. As the first step of novation the museum built and on Miner's Day (09.03.) of 2004 opened the "History of Mining in Mecsek Exhibition and Library"; the continuous, 160 m2 exhibition takes place in the building of Pécs Mine-Station.