The displayed eggs originate from 19 countries and 55 regions. They were made by 160 known and more unknown egg ornamenters, by more than 30 kinds of techniques (horse tail covered, wired, strow covered, painted, scretched, batiqued, etc.) A number of applied art works are also displayed in the museum. These are compositions made of wood, mineral, stone or glass, formulate dinto egg shapes.

The millenary session of the Hungarian Parliament in 1896 passed a law whereby art collections previously held in different institutions were to be unified and placed in the newly-established Museum of Fine Arts. On the basis of a competitive tender, Albert Schickendanz and Fülöp Herzog were commissioned to design and construct the building, which opened in 1906.