The Municipal Museum of Szolnok was established in 1933. It moved to the building at Kossuth Square in 1952 into a building originally built as a block of flats but functioned as a Royal Hotel for some time. The complete reconstruction of the national building was done by 1996. The museum also won the title 'The Museum of the Year' the same year and later on in 2004.

The complete archaeological, fine art and most of the ethnography collection of the county is located in the museum. The museum does not only host exhibitions and collects artefacts, it also provides opportunity for research work with its nearly 50000 volumes in store.

In Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County, jus like everywhere in the country, the County Museum Association was established in 1962. It meant that the institutions formerly governed directly by ministries were then under the management of county offices. In 1984, the museum gained the title 'Location for Academic Researches' as acknowledgement of research work performed at the museum.

The centre museum of the county association is the János Damjanich Museum of Szolnok. The museum collects material related to natural sciences, ethnography, fine art, applied art, numismatics, history, literary history from the whole region of Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County.

The János Damjanich Museum had five affiliates right at the beginning: the Jász Museum Jászberény, the Pál Kiss Museum Tiszafüred, the István Györffy Nagykun Museum of Karcag, the Finta Museum in Túrkeve and the Tiszazugi Geology Museum in Tiszaföldvár. Since then, two county museums joined the county association, namely the Local History Museum of Kunszentmárton and the Túri Potter Museum of Mezőtúr.