Szoboszló is an ancient Hungarian settlement nearby the world-famous Hortobágy and Debrecen. People lived around the settlement already in the New Stone Age Several valuable objects were found in graves from the Árpád age and the time of the Original Settlement. It was a village in the 10-11th century, later it held fairs. King Géza 1 first mentioned the name Zobozlou Wasar (Szoboszlóvásár) in a charter in 1075. The Turkish destroyed the market town in 1594.

Szoboszló was revived by the Hajdú who were settled by the monarch of Transylvania and Hungary Bocskai István who stated the arrival of the Hajdú in a letter on 2 September 1606. The king provided for land and nobility for the Hajdú. The Hajdú who soon felt home defended the independence of the country long afterwards.